Public Policy

How Certificates of Need and Convenience Limit Health‑Care Investment and Access in Puerto Rico

This report examines CON policies in Puerto Rico and the broader United States, with emphasis on the policy tradeoffs implied by empirical research and by Puerto Rico’s distinctive health financing context.

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ILE and Pacific Legal Foundation
August 14, 2026
certificates of need

Unleashing Potential, The Burdens of Occupational Licensing and How It Can Be Reformed in Puerto Rico

Occupational licenses are state regulations that set requirements for individuals to practice a specific trade or profession. These requirements may include formal education or training, work experience, passing exams, and payment of fees, among others.

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Ángel Carrión-Tavárez, Ph.D.
February 26, 2024
Unleashing Potential

From NAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico (an update)

Executive Summary This paper updates and modifies the report From SNAP to SNAP: A Bridge to Economic Liberty for Residents of Puerto Rico according to the new parameters of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) work requirement. Like the original document, this update explains the origin, characteristics, and operation of the U.S. federal government block

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Ángel Carrión-Tavárez

September 5, 2023
From NAP to SNAP

Review of PR’s licensing requirements for occupations under the scope of the dataset from the Knee Center for the Study of Occupational Regulation

The following report presents the results of research and analysis aimed at characterizing how the licensing requirements of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico compare to those in the United States. This work builds on the report titled Review of PR’s occupations under the scope of the US Institute for Justice License to Work National Study

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Universidad de Puerto Rico
June 14, 2022

Review of Occupational Licensing Management Systems for a set of Jurisdictions in the US

This report was developed under an agreement between the University of Puerto Rico and Puerto Rico’s State Department (Departamento de Estado; DE). The agreement is aligned with the Ease of Doing Business division of Puerto Rico’s Financial Oversight & Management Board for Puerto Rico and the approved Fiscal Plan of the Government of Puerto Rico.

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Universidad de Puerto Rico
May 20, 2022

Characterization of PR’s Occupational Licenses

The following report presents the results of research conducted over a 13-week period to characterize the licensing requirements of 90 licenses in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. This report considers the occupations pursued by the general community. The reason a few occupations with licensing requirements were not included was their rarity among the general public,

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Universidad de Puerto Rico
November 30, 2021
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